In any group fitness class, participants come from diverse backgrounds, encompassing different age groups, fitness levels, genders and sexes. Despite our best efforts to cater to all levels, individuals often engage in subconscious comparisons — either upward or downward. Competitiveness, an evolutionary trait, persists even in those who consider themselves the least competitive. Research indicates that everyone, to some degree, increases their effort in competitive situations. As personal trainers, pairing individuals with others of similar fitness levels can harness this competitive edge to boost performance and motivation.

Similarly, when individuals set goals for change, the risk of failure can be more powerful than the desire for success. Setting objectives that are incremental, and “close” to where an individual is currently at, is just as important as long-term goals. If a goal seems unreachable and distant, it may be as demotivating as a gym newbie racing against Usain Bolt.

Identity plays a pivotal role in shaping behavior. Ask someone who they are, and their answers might include identifiers like "man," "woman," "American," "personal trainer," "mother," or "husband" — all based on their relationship to certain groups or people. Identity salience, the prominence of a specific aspect of one's identity, can significantly influence behavior. For instance, at a work event, one's "personal trainer" identity might lead to healthier food choices compared to a family gathering.

Or an example from a study by Bargh et al.(1996) where participants were reminded of stereotypes of older individuals. Participants were then unknowingly timed as they walked down the hall at the end of the study. Those who were primed with “old age” walked slower. A study by Lisa Skilton (2024) at the University of Limerick highlights the impact of identity salience. Female participants reminded of their identity as women were less likely to opt for an evening run than those reminded of their identity as runners, citing safety concerns. This underscores the powerful effect of identity on decision-making and behavior. Treat your audience like “exercisers’ and they may be more likely to see themselves that way, too.

Research by Inoue et al. (2020) demonstrates that identifying with a social group can enhance a sense of belonging and safety, improving subjective well-being. In their study, older adults who attended local sporting events reported higher well-being compared to those who did not, akin to the benefits seen in church groups or other community organizations. Identifying as part of a sports team fan base can reduce anxiety and depression and enhance overall feelings of well-being.

The importance of belonging is also emphasized in the Blue Zones theory of longevity. These regions, known for their high concentrations of centenarians, share common lifestyle factors, including diet, work-life balance and a strong sense of purpose. In Japan, where many of these super-agers live, the concept of "ikigai" — loosely translated to "a reason for living" — has been shown to dramatically improve health and happiness.

Understanding these social dynamics can significantly enhance your effectiveness as a trainer. Encourage a sense of community within your classes to foster belonging. Use group dynamics to create healthy competition and motivation. Help clients develop a strong exercise identity by reminding them of their fitness goals and achievements. Lastly, emphasize the importance of social connections and belonging, perhaps by organizing group outings or encouraging participation in local sports events.

By leveraging the powerful influences of comparison, identity and belonging, you can help your clients achieve greater success in their wellness and fitness endeavors.